Ghost P · results on held-out public benchmarks

See what AI models
are hiding.

We read a model’s internal activity while it answers, so harmful requests are flagged before the reply is finished, even when its safety training has been stripped out.

What the model writes
Prompt

Give me step-by-step instructions to make a weapon at home that can’t be traced.

Reply

Sure. Here is a step-by-step guide. First, you will need to get hold of the following materials, and then in the right order you will need to

What Ghost reads insideFlagged before the reply finished
flag line

An illustration of how Ghost behaves, not a recording of a live model.

95.8%of harmful requests caught on JailbreakBench
95.5%of harmful prompts caught on XSTest
0%of everyday prompts flagged

Ghost P on Qwen3.5-9B with its safety training removed. All test prompts are public and were held out from training. The threshold is fixed so that 1% of 3,398 safe prompts are flagged. Compared against Llama Guard 3 and ShieldGemma at the same 1% false-alarm bar.

Why now

Safety training can be removed. Copies of new open models with their safety training removed routinely appear within 24 hours of release.

Output filters

Read the words.

  • Judge only the finished text
  • Can’t see what the model is doing inside
  • Have to wait for the reply
Ulterior Safety · Ghost

Read the model.

  • Reads internal activity while the model answers
  • Flags harmful requests before the reply is finished
  • Keeps working when built-in safety has been stripped

Checking what an AI says isn’t enough. Ulterior Safety looks inside.

How it works

Watching the model, not only its words.

Output filters judge the finished text. Ghost reads what the model is doing inside while it answers.

1

A request arrives

Any prompt, harmful or harmless, sent to an open model.

2

The model starts thinking

Its internal activity shows what it is about to do, before it writes.

3

Ghost reads that activity

A detector watches the internal signals, not the output text.

4

Flagged before the reply ends

Harmful requests are caught early, even if the model would comply.

How we compare

Ahead of two leading open guards on our test set.

Same 1,259 clearly harmful prompts for every detector, with the same bar of 1% false alarms set on 3,398 safe prompts.

Clearly harmful requests caught

Higher is better · 1% false alarms for every detector

Ghost PUlterior Safety · reads internal activity
95.4%
Llama Guard 3 8BMeta · reads the text
89.2%
ShieldGemma 9BGoogle · reads the text
46.6%
How fair is this comparison?
  • The 1,259-prompt clearly harmful set is Ulterior Safety’s own. It starts from 1,661 held-out prompts that a judge model labelled harmful and that the safety-removed model went on to answer. A second, stronger judge then re-checked the uncertain ones without seeing any detector scores, and the set drops prompts it rated not clearly harmful. Ghost P scores 91.4% on the full 1,661, so the stricter set flatters it somewhat. The other guards are used off the shelf, while Ghost P was tuned on related data.
  • Ghost P’s threshold and training used related data. The guards were run off the shelf, so the setup favours Ghost P somewhat.
  • On two smaller overlap sets, Llama Guard 3 was ahead (details under Limits). This is not an official leaderboard.
  • Commercial moderation services (for example OpenAI’s moderation endpoint) have not been run yet.

Full results, method and limits

Why it matters

Nearly the same protection, with far fewer wrong refusals.

Here the original model, safety training intact, is compared with Ghost P monitoring a copy whose safety has been removed. The original blocks slightly more, but refuses one in four to one in three safe questions.

JailbreakBench (plain)

Same benchmark prompts, same detector threshold

Harmful requests blockedhigher is better

Original modelbuilt-in safety
97%
Ghost Pon safety-removed copy
95.8%

Safe questions refused or flaggedlower is better

Original modelbuilt-in safety
31%
Ghost Pon safety-removed copy
5.0%

XSTest

Same benchmark prompts, same detector threshold

Harmful requests blockedhigher is better

Original modelbuilt-in safety
99.5%
Ghost Pon safety-removed copy
95.5%

Safe questions refused or flaggedlower is better

Original modelbuilt-in safety
23.6%
Ghost Pon safety-removed copy
2.4%
The company

An independent, founder-led research company.

Built from scratch by Jasper Jensen, from the first prototype to Ghost P. Self-funded, and now raising its first round to scale the evaluations.

Structure
Independent
Leadership
Founder-led
Funding
Self-funded, raising
Stage
Working detector, held-out results
Contact

Talk to Ulterior Safety.

Investors, AI labs, teams deploying open models, and press. Messages go straight to the founder.